Language and Communication

The language we use when discussing suicide matters. Some of the language that was once deemed appropriate when talking about suicide is now outdated and stigmatising. This is due to changes in social standards and norms, and the decriminalisation of suicide which occurred in 1961.

This is especially important when talking with somebody who has been affected by or attempted suicide in the past. Our choice of words can have an impact on the tone of the conversation which further reinforces the subject as taboo or off-limits.

For example, avoid using terminology like committed, successful or unsuccessful, completed or failed. Instead, choose words and phrases like “died by suicide” or “suicided”. If in doubt, avoid potentially problematic verbs altogether and use phrases like “ended/took their life”.

Why it’s so important

The choice of words we use when talking about suicide and mental health more generally can have a negative impact on the direction of conversation and on the risk level for the individual concerned.

Some old words and phrases are so entrenched in our vocabulary that most of us don’t stop and think about the effect they can have on a person experiencing thoughts of suicide.

How to approach the conversation

Suicide can be difficult to talk about, especially if you have recognised a change of behaviour in another person. You may feel like you’re overreacting or that bringing up the topic of suicide will upset them.

• Don’t be afraid to ask about risk: a common misconception is that asking about the topic of suicide may give someone the idea that it’s a plausible or good idea. The opposite is in fact true. Often talking about suicide can reduce risk, as people usually feel more supported when they tell someone how they are feeling.
• Provide validation to the person’s feelings: explain that you understand why they’re feeling this way right now. Let them know that help is available and that they aren’t alone
• Do not judge: this includes showing signs of shock or fear, or arguing against the person’s feelings
• Do not maintain confidentiality: never promise to keep an individual’s suicidal thoughts a secret. Confidentiality cannot be maintained where suicide/self-harm is a high risk factor. The relevant services must be informed.

Having the conversation

When discussing suicide with another person, make sure you stay in the moment. Your body language, use of questioning, and how you show your interest in the person all play a key part in how supported they will feel.

Take a non-judgemental approach and show you value what the other person is sharing with you. Thank them for opening up to you and do not interrupt them or rush their disclosure. Make sure to normalise any feelings they express and do not show signs of fear, worry, or anxiousness if suicide is mentioned.

Reflect and share back that you hear and understand the impact of their experiences when they are finished talking. Validate the person’s experience by checking and clarifying that you have understood what they mean correctly. Make them aware that help is available and do not promise to keep this conversation a secret if suicide is a risk factor.

What should I say?

It’s normal to worry about what to say during a difficult conversation. The following statements are supportive:

• “I’m sorry that things are tough for you right now”
• “Thank you for sharing this with me. I really appreciate your honesty”
• “What can we do to support you?”
• “How are you? Like, really how are you?”
• “Can we chat in a couple of days or weeks?”

Just letting someone know that you’re there for them and that a range of treatment options are available for them can be a comfort for someone dealing with distressing thoughts of suicide.

What shouldn’t I say?

Remember that you don’t need to be able to fix the issue or situation. It’s also wise not to give advice based on your own personal experiences. What has worked for you might not have worked for others, which can lead to an individual feeling more hopeless.

If you are an untrained professional, you can support by listening, acknowledging, and providing validation for what the other person is feeling.

Try to be mindful of expressions on your face, particularly if you feel shocked or worried. By staying calm with a neutral expression, you can encourage someone to open up further, rather than shutting down.

Source: NuffeildHealth

Resources

Words Matter: How to Talk About Suicide: A guide to understanding the power of words and how to discuss suicide respectfully and responsibly.

Questions to Consider Asking Someone You Are Concerned About: A set of questions to guide you in initiating a conversation with someone who may be at risk of suicide.

Suicide Prevention – Starting the Conversation. Download here.